Biography and Essay of Novel Samrat Munshi Premchand
Munshi Premchand Essay / Essay and Biography on Munshi Premchand
Premchand ji, the most read and popular writer of Hindi literature, provided a strong foundation for the story and novel in Hindi and won the hearts of the countrymen with realistic depiction. Premchand ji, who made the evils and ironies of Indian society the subject of his stories, was born on 31 July 1880 in Lamhi village near Varanasi. The original name of Premchand ji was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava. On the suggestion of his friend Munshi Dayanarayan Nigam, he started writing under the pen name Premchand instead of Dhanpat Rai. Premchand ji is one of the greatest writers of Hindi and Urdu.
In the stories of Premchand ji, who left the government job on the call of Gandhi ji, the depiction of all sections of the society is seen in a very simple and natural way. Premchand ji has an important contribution to the development of the Hindi story. He is also known by the names Munshi Premchand and Nawab Rai. Premchand ji was first addressed by the name of Novel Samrat by the famous novelist of Bengal, Sharatchandra Chattopadhyay.
The initial stories of Premchand ji were idealistic, whose basic objective was "The truth prevails, the liar's mouth black." But later his outlook became realistic. Almost all of us must have read Premchand Ji's stories in one class or the other. The characters of the stories like Idgah, Panchparmeshwar, Bade Bhai Sahib, Thakur's well, Mantra, etc. seem so alive as if they are around them.
The novel 'Premashram' written during the peasant movements of Awadh is probably the first Hindi novel written on the lives of farmers. The pain of exploitation on farmers and laborers can often be seen in Premchand Ji's stories. In 'Poos Ki Raat', Premchand ji has very skillfully explained that in this world we can get intimacy from animals but we should not expect it from humans.
Even in his personal life, Munshi Premchand ji used to lead a simple and simple life, staying away from showy frills. Once someone asked Premchand ji - "How do you write with paper and pen?"
Munshi ji first laughed out loud after hearing this and then said - "Sir, on such a paper, on which nothing has already been written, that is, it should be blank and with such a pen, whose nib has not been broken."
Being a bit serious, he said - "Brother dear! All these tricks are not for pen workers like us.
It is said for Mushi Premchand ji that the nib with which he used to write, used to dig his teeth in between. Due to this many times, his lips were seen colored with ink.
Premchand brought literature to the ground of truth. He put life and periods on the page. He continued to write on communalism, corruption, landlordism, indebtedness, poverty, and colonialism throughout his life. It would not be an exaggeration to say that he was the creator of the common Indian. In his works, he became a hero, whom the Indian society considered untouchable and disgusting. Presiding over the first convention of the Progressive Writers Association in 1936, he said that a writer is progressive by nature and one who is not so is not a writer.
Munshi Premchand was very cheerful, his laughter was famous. Once after a lecture at Allahabad University, a student asked him - "What is your biggest ambition in life?"
Premchand ji said with his familiar laugh - "The biggest wish of my life is that God should always protect me from the wretched."
Between 1916 and 1921, Premchand ji held the post of Assistant Master in Normal High School, Gorakhpur, and during this period composed four novels including "Seva Sadan".
Premchand is one of the most popular litterateurs of Hindi cinema. Satyajit Ray made memorable films on two of his stories. 'Shatranj Ke Khiladi' in 1977 and 'Sadgati' in 1981. Of. Subramaniam adapted the novel Sevasadan into a film in 1938 with Subbalakshmi playing the lead role. In 1977, Mrinal Sen made a Telugu film named 'Oka Oori Katha' based on Premchand's story 'Kafan', which also won the National Award for Best Telugu Film. Popular films were made on the novel 'Godan' in 1963 and 'Gabaan' in 1966. In 1980, the TV serial 'Nirmala' made on his novel also became very popular.
Munshi Premchand Biography in Hindi
Premchand's wife Shivrani Devi wrote his biography titled 'Premchand Ghar Mein' and exposed that part of his personality that people were unaware of. This book was first published in 1944.
Shivrani Devi was the second wife of Premchand ji, who was a child widow. In this way, Premchand ji encouraged widow remarriage.
Premchand is the era promoter of Hindi literature. He wrote with full authority in Hindi and Urdu. Most of his compositions were originally written in Urdu, but they went first publication was in Hindi. In his creative life of 33 years, he handed over such a legacy of literature that is priceless in terms of qualities and unlimited in terms of size. English and Urdu adaptations of all his books have been done, and his stories have also become popular in many foreign languages like Chinese, Russian, etc. His simple idiosyncratic language is easily understood and touches the heart deeply.
On October 8, 1936, this great Vibhuti passed away after a long illness, but even today Munshi Premchand ji is alive among all of us through his stories and novels.
People will not be able to forget this great novelist for many generations.
